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1 Ministry of Health Malaysia. Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report 2012-2016. Retrieved June 2022 from https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/Penerbitan/Laporan/Umum/2012-2016%20(MNCRR)/MNCR_2012-2016_FINAL_(PUBLISHED_2019).pdf

2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What are the risk factors for breast cancer? Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm#print.

3 American Cancer Society. Triple-negative breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from
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4 Lung Cancer Foundation of America. Lung cancer survivor stories. Retrieved June 2022 from https://lcfamerica.org/lung-cancer-info/survivors/.

5 National Cancer Society Malaysia. Lung cancer publications. Retrieved March 2021 from https://cancer.org.my/get-ahead/tun-abdul-razak-digital-library/lung-cancer/.

6 The Common Vein. Cancer large cell carcinoma. Retrieved June 2023 from
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7 Verywell Health. What is large cell lung carcinoma? Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.verywellhealth.com/large-cell-carcinoma-of-the-lungs-2249356/.

8 Medscape. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Retrieved June 2023 from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279960-overview.

9 American Cancer Society. Lung cancer risk factors. Retrieved March 2021 from
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10 Cancer Research UK. Risks and causes of lung cancer. Retrieved June 2023 from
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11 American Cancer Society. Can lung cancer be prevented? Retrieved March 2021 from
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12 American Cancer Society. Can lung cancer be found early? Retrieved March 2021 from
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13 NHS. Diagnosis: Lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lung-cancer/diagnosis/.

14 Journal of Clinical Oncology. Updated analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab versus platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 50% or greater. Retrieved June 2022 from
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15 Ministry of Health Malaysia. National Cancer Registry. National Cancer Institute. Malaysian study on cancer survival (MySCan). Retrieved June 2022 from
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16 National Cancer Institute. Immunotherapy to treat cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from
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17 Cleveland Clinic. Chemotherapy. Retrieved August 2023 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/16859-chemotherapy.

18 American Cancer Society. How radiation therapy is used to treat cancer. Retrieved August 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/radiation/basics.html.

19 UCLA Health. Targeted therapy for lung cancer. Retrieved August 2023 from
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20 NHS. Treatment. Lung cancer. Retrieved August 2023 from
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21 Cancer Research UK. Photodynamic therapy (PDT). Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/types/photodynamic-therapy.

22 American Cancer Society. How lasers are used to treat cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancercenter.com/treatment/complementary-therapy.

23 Cancer Research UK. Microwave ablation. Retrieved June 2022 from https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/surgery/reconstruction.

24 Tan GH, Taib NA, Choo WY, et al. Clinical characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer: Experience in an Asian developing country. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 395-398. Retrieved September 2023 from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-reconstruction/.

25 Kanapathy Pillai SK, Tay A, Nair S, Leong CO. Triple-negative breast cancer is associated with EGFR, CK5/6 and c-KIT expression in Malaysian women. BMC Clinical Pathology 2012, 12:18. Retrieved September 2023 from https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/treatment/breast-reconstruction.

26 BreastCancer.org. Triple-negative breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20325521.

27 American Cancer Society. Breast cancer signs and symptoms. Retrieved March 2023 from https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html.

28 Hahnen E, Hauke J, Engel C, et al. Germline mutations in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Care 2017, 12:15-19. Retrieved February 2024 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer.

29 Cleveland Clinic. Triple negative breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment.

30 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What is breast cancer screening? Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/support-services/.

31 National Cancer Society Malaysia. Breast cancer screening. Retrieved February 2024 from
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32 Ministry of Health Malaysia. Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of Breast Cancer (Third Edition).

33 American Cancer Society. Mammogram basics. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/mammogram-basics.html.

34 American Cancer Society. Breast ultrasound. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/breast-ultrasound.html.

35 American Cancer Society. Breast biopsy. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/breast-biopsy.html.

36 Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Triple-negative breast cancer: Symptoms, treatment, research. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.bcrf.org/blog/triple-negative-breast-cancer-treatment-symptoms-research/.

37 Abdou Y, Goudarzi A, Yu JX, et al. Immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: Beyond checkpoint inhibitors. npj Breast Cancer 8, 121 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-022-00486-y.

38 Cleveland Clinic. Chemotherapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/8340-chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer.

39 American Cancer Society. Surgery for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer.html.

40 Cleveland Clinic. Radiation therapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/9191-radiation-therapy-for-breast-cancer.

41 American Cancer Society. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-of-triple-negative.html.

42 Cochrane. Immunotherapy versus chemotherapy for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have not been not previously been treated. Retrieved June 2021 from https://www.cochrane.org/CD013257/LUNGCA_immunotherapy-versus-chemotherapy-people-advanced-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-who-have-not-been-not.

43 Oncology Nursing News. Immunotherapy in cancer care: Educating patients about what to expect. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/immunotherapy-in-cancer-care-educating-patients-about-what-to-expect.

44 American Cancer Society. Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-small-cell/chemotherapy.html.

45 American Cancer Society. Chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/chemotherapy.html.

46 WebMD. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/triple-negative-breast-cancer#091e9c5e813081e0-1-4.

47 American Cancer Society. How is chemotherapy used to treat cancer? Retrieved February 2024 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/chemotherapy/how-is-chemotherapy-used-to-treat-cancer.html.

48 American Cancer Society. Getting oral or topical chemotherapy. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy/oral-chemotherapy.html.

49 Lungevity. Treatment options: Radiation therapy. Retrieved May 2021 from https://lungevity.org/for-patients-caregivers/lung-cancer-101/treatment-options/radiation-therapy.

50 American Cancer Society. Radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/radiation-therapy.html.

51 American Cancer Society. Radiation therapy for small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-small-cell/radiation-therapy.html.

52 Radiation Oncology Targeting Cancer. Palliative treatment. Retrieved February 2024 from https://www.targetingcancer.com.au/treatment-by-cancer-type/palliative-treatment/.

53 American Cancer Society. Targeted drug therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/targeted-therapies.html.

54 Cancer.Net. Lung cancer – Non-small cell: Types of treatment. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/lung-cancer-non-small-cell/types-treatment.

55 Translational Lung Cancer Research. https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/2928/3465.

56 Metastatic Trial Talk. Update on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for MBC. Retrieved February 2024 from https://metastatictrialtalk.org/research-news/antibody-drug-conjugates/.

57 Cancer Research UK. PARP inhibitors. Retrieved February 2024 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs/types/PARP-inhibitors.

58 Cancer Research UK. Types of surgery for lung cancer. Retrieved August 2023 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/lung-cancer/treatment/surgery/types.

59 American Cancer Society. Surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating-non-small-cell/surgery.html.

60 Cancer Research UK. Types of breast cancer surgery. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery/types-surgery.

61 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Triple-negative breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/triple-negative.htm#print.

62 National Library of Medicine. National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Complications of lung cancer treatment. Retrieved March 2021 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18506668/.

63 Cancer Research UK. Fluid on the lungs or in the abdomen. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/breathing-problems/causes-of-breathlessness/fluid-on-lungs.

64 Cancer Research UK. Treatment. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/coping/physically/breathing-problems/treatment.

65 MedicalNewsToday. What to know about pneumonia and lung cancer. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316783.

66 LungCancer.net. Symptoms – Coughing up blood. Retrieved October 2020 from https://lungcancer.net/symptoms/coughing-up-blood.

67 Cleveland Clinic. Lung cancer: Management and treatment. Retrieved March 2021 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4375-lung-cancer#management-and-treatment.

68 Healthline. Possible complications of advanced breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.healthline.com/health/stage-iv-breast-cancer-possible-complications.

69 BreastCancer.org. Lung metastasis. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/types/metastatic/lung-metastasis.

70 BreastCancer.org. Brain metastasis. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/types/metastatic/brain-metastasis.

71 Cancer Research UK. Symptoms of secondary breast cancer. Retrieved March 2024 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/secondary/symptoms.

72 BreastCancer.org. Liver metastasis. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/types/metastatic/liver-metastasis.

73 BreastCancer.org. Bone metastasis. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/types/metastatic/bone-metastasis.

74 Mayo Clinic. Metastatic breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metastatic-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20348454.

75 American Cancer Society. Diagnosis of breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/diagnosis.html.

76 American Cancer Society. Stages of breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/staging.html.

77 National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer stages. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/stages.

78 National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer treatment. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-treatment-pdq.

79 Mayo Clinic. Breast cancer: Diagnosis and treatment. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20325523.

80 American Cancer Society. Surgery for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treating/surgery.html.

81 BreastCancer.org. Chemotherapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/chemotherapy.

82 National Cancer Institute. Hormone therapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/hormone.

83 National Cancer Institute. Targeted therapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/targeted.

84 Mayo Clinic. Radiation therapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20325523.

85 American Cancer Society. Immunotherapy for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treating/immunotherapy.html.

86 National Breast Cancer Foundation. Clinical trials. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/clinical-trials.

87 BreastCancer.org. Clinical trials for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/clinical-trials.

88 National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer treatment for specific types. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/breast.

89 American Cancer Society. Survival rates for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/survival-rates.html.

90 Cancer Research UK. Prognosis for breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/prognosis.

91 American Cancer Society. Breast cancer follow-up care. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up-care.html.

92 Mayo Clinic. Breast cancer recurrence. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20325523.

93 National Breast Cancer Foundation. Support for breast cancer patients. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/support.

94 BreastCancer.org. Coping with breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/coping.

95 American Cancer Society. Nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorship-during-and-after-treatment/maintaining-your-wellbeing/nutrition.html.

96 Cancer Research UK. Living with and after breast cancer. Retrieved March 2023 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/living-with.